Great points.
Regular solar cells with better efficiency are already are thing, even in a compact travel format or as a novelty part of some electric cars. Those are cheap to produce, but still aren’t practical at all, unless we’re talking about something like a 2m² solar panel to charge a phone in a somewhat reasonable time on a very sunny day in an off-grid situation.
Using transparent solar cells additionally to regular ones in buildings instead of windows is pretty much the only reasonable application I can think of right now, but with a visible transmittance of 20% that’s kinda farfetched as well.
Yeah, that’s one of those tropes I hate pretty much everywhere, but (old) Star Trek is great enough to look past it.
They are skilled and professional. But how incompetently was the playbook written, if pretty much everyone can come up with something previously not derived spontaneously, if it’s that easy?