In my setup, only qbittorrent container is using the gluetun network, all other “arrs” are using bridge non-VPN connection (my ISP uses CGNAT and I have no need to access them from outside anyway). It may be my ISP does not block those indexers alternative URL’s, my previous one didn’t either though.
Historically, yes; however, they passed a law some years ago to allow for the mother’s surname to be the first surname, as it happens in Portugal. Nonetheless I am not sure how popular this is.